Mechanisms of Aging
From Aging Chart
Organospecific age-related pathologies
Alteration in gene expression pattern
Damage of mitochondrial enzymes
Matrix metalloproteinases
Stalled replication forks
ectopic growth factor production
Non-homologous recombination
Decrease of antioxidant system components expression and activity
Degradation of intercellular matrix
Glycated and glycooxidated proteins
Decrease of reparative system components expression and activity
8-oxo-2'deoxyguanosine alkylated bases in DNA promoters and enhancers
BIOSYSTEM INTEGRATION LEVEL
Sex hormones (testosterone, estradiol, progesterone)
Stress response genes induction
Neurotransmitters (dopamine, acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, GABA)
Loss of tissue regenerative capabilites
Cellular senescence (replicative and stress induced)
Disturbance in neuroendocrine regulation
Telomere shortening, T-loop loss
Stem cell self-renewal and differential potential decrease
Inflammatory reactions in tissues
Defective mitochondrion accumulation
Retroviral DNA integration
Neurodegeneration (Alzheimers disease, Parkinson disease, dementia)
Protein methionine oxidation
Tissue specific degenerative processes
Transposition of mobile genetic elements
Oxidative stress (ROS, lipid peroxides)
